ДВИ по английскому языку (МГУ 2026)

Блок 1 Вариант 7

Фразовая связность

You are going to read an article. Match two halves of the sentences below. There is one extra ending you do not need to choose. The beginnings of the sentences below follow the same order as the full sentences in the original text.

Write out the number and the corresponding letter.

Example: 16 – M

Блок 2 Вариант 13

Лексико-грамматическая часть

You are going to read an essay. Choose a word from the list to complete each gap (1-10). Change its form where necessary to make a word / a group of words that fits in the gap.

Different aspects of form change are possible: active or passive voice; indicative, imperative or subjunctive mood; finite or non-finite forms (infinitive, gerund, participle); tense for finite forms or aspect for non-finite forms; full or bare infinitive, etc.

Each verb can be used only once.

Write out the number of the gap and the form of the verb (example: O. was delivered).

Emperor Charles V (1500-1558) (1)._______ a unique place in the 16″ century European history – not least because three years before his death he (2)________ the lordship over the Netherlands to his son Philip, and next year abdicated altogether, giving the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand and the rest of his vast possessions to the said Philip. Abdication was not unknown in the then Europe, but it always (3)________ as a result of pressure from without, not of the monarch’s own accord. Charles did it of his own free will, having been exhausted by decades of (4)________ an unimaginably large collection of territories, of leading endless wars and of fighting Protestantism.

Charles could never accept Protestantism not only on religious grounds. In his opinion, (5)________ to curb its influence entailed great administrative risks: once the minuscule German dukedoms had defied the Pope of Rome, the next logical step (6)_______ about the decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire and the general disregard for the Emperor’s authority. Charles probably (7)_______ that he was fighting a losing battle, but he was too much of an autocrat (8)________ up with it, hence his abdication of 1556, a year after a treaty was signed allowing his aristocracy to choose a branch of Christianity they would accept for the dukedoms or counties they controlled.

The new Emperor Ferdinand (9)________ negotiations where his brother Charles would choose war, while King Philip II on his father’s abdication (10)________ the policy of zero tolerance for Protestantism – the policy which was successfully carried out in Spain and which was extremely difficult to support in the Netherlands.

Блоки 3-4 Вариант 20

ЧТЕНИЕ И ПИСЬМО

1. You are going to read an article. Answer the questions that follow. Decide whether each statement is True or False and provide your arguments drawn from the text to justify your choice.

Write out your answers in your answer sheet.

Example. 11-False because < quotation from the text>

Layers of social class

Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, and lower class. The different classes are arrayed along a continuum, with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top and those with the least at the bottom.

In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. Those in this class exercise enormous control throughout society. Some wealthy individuals can wield as much power as entire nations.

Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the 400 wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, most is inherited, although since the 1990s, there has been some increase in the number of people on the list with self-created wealth. Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Luxury vehicles, high-priced real estate, and exclusive holidays may mark the lifestyle of the newly rich. However, although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into “old rich” circles.

The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can be quite high indeed – successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle classes. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as “middle class” because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is actually unattainable by most.

The middle class is hard to define, in part because being middle class is more than just economic position. A very large portion of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle: thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have a tenuous hold on this class position.

The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs. People of colour and women make up a disproportionate part of this class. The poor include the working poor – those who work at least 27 hours a week but whose wages fall below the federal poverty level. Six per cent of all working people now live below the federal poverty line. The concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class. The underclass includes those who are likely to be permanently unemployed and without means of economic support. Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities.

• 1. The upper class in the U.S. includes both multi-generational wealthy families and newly rich individuals.
• 2. The members of the upper class rarely inherit any considerable wealth.
• 3. The upper middle class is easily distinguishable from the middle class due to clear income boundaries.
• 4. The middle class is a homogeneous group with similar lifestyles and resources.
• 5. Women and people of colour are proportionally overrepresented in the lower class.

2. How far do you agree with the statement?

The class system in the U.S. is more rigid than it appears.

Express your opinion about the issue providing two arguments (one from the text above, the other of your own) and two examples (one from the text above, the other of your own).

Do not quote the text: a copied sequence of 4 words and more is considered a quotation.

Your essay must contain:

• 1. The introduction
• 2. Two paragraphs of the body.
• 3. The conclusion.

Write 170-200 words.